Ankle and Leg Swelling

CVI

Ankle swelling is an early common symptom of venous insufficiency. The condition develops when blood inadequately moves back from your legs and feet to your heart. In normal conditions, the blood flows upward with one-way valves; however, as these valves get weaken, the blood leaks back down the vessels, leading to fluid retention in soft tissues in ankles and feet.  Chronic venous insufficiency can also cause other symptoms to develop including skin ulcers, discoloration, and infection. If you experience any symptoms of venous insufficiency, you should see a vein specialist near you.

Inflammatory Disorder

Sometimes leg swelling is due to an inflammatory disorder. These disorders can cause other symptoms like discomfort or warmth in the area, and you should see a doctor to determine the cause.

Chronic venous insufficiency is one type of inflammatory disorder that can cause ankle and leg swelling. Other types of inflammatory conditions include cellulitis, rheumatoid arthritis and autoimmune conditions like lupus, among others.

Medication Side Effects

Leg swelling can also be a side effect of medication. However, you should consult your doctor before you stop taking a medication. Your doctor at Physicians Vein Clinics will review all of your medications with you during your appointment to determine whether swelling is a side effect and if any adjustments are needed.

Pregnancy

Pregnant women often deal with swollen feet, ankles and calves. This is caused by the body retaining more fluid than usual, which can collect in the lower extremities. The growing uterus also places more pressure on the veins in the pelvis and lower legs, which can cause more fluid to build up. During this time, compression stockings can support healthy circulation and reduce the amount of fluid that collects in the lower legs. Patients can also consider lifestyle changes such as elevating the legs and restricting salt intake. Stay as active as possible and drink enough water every day.

Blood Clots

Blood clots are another cause of swelling in the ankles and feet. A blood clot stops the return of blood flow back to the heart and can pose a life-threatening health concern if it develops into deep vein thrombosis. If you have swelling in one leg, along with other vein symptoms, call your doctor immediately.

Cardiac, Pulmonary and Hepatic Causes

Conditions that affect the heart, lungs and liver interfere with how fluid is able to circulate and drain in the body. When the heart does not pump effectively, blood may move more slowly through the body. This can cause fluid to collect in the legs and ankles. In some cases, lung conditions can put more strain on the heart and increase pressure in the blood vessels. Liver disease can also cause swelling by reducing the protein (albumin) that normally keeps fluid in the bloodstream instead of the surrounding tissues.

Lymphedema

When the lymphatic system does not properly drain fluid from the tissues, the ankles and legs become swollen. This is a condition called lymphedema, which can be caused after cancer treatment, lymph node removal, injury or infection. Lymph vessel malfunction can also be congenital. In addition to swelling, the skin may also thicken and the limb can feel heavy and restricted. Lymphedema is usually unilateral, meaning it affects one limb.

Lipedema

This chronic condition involves abnormal fat distribution in the hips, thighs or lower legs. It primarily affects women and is usually symmetrical, meaning both legs are involved. The feet are not typically affected by this condition. Lipedema does not resolve with leg elevation or weight loss and requires a special type of treatment plan that may include lifestyle changes, compression stockings, medications, non-invasive treatments and surgery.